A range of regularization approaches have been proposed in the literature to overcome overfitting, to exploit sparsity or to improve prediction. Using a broad definition of regularization, namely controlling model complexity by adding information in order to solve ill-posed problems or to prevent overfitting, we review a range of approaches within this framework including penalization, early...
In statistical analyses of binary outcomes for medical procedures performed by multiple health care providers, provider-specific effects are commonly handled using conditional models with random effects or using marginal models with generalized estimating equations (GEEs). While convenient, these models treat provider effects primarily as nuisance parameters, even though they may themselves be...
The IQTIG measures, compares and evaluates hospital quality using quality indicators. These usually consist of a population and a binary outcome of interest, such as whether complications have occurred after elective knee replacement. For a fair assessment and comparison of hospital quality, we need to adjust for the hospital’s case mix, i.e., for the patient-specific risk factors such as age...
For the early benefit assessment of drugs in Germany, the pharmaceutical company must describe the extent of an added benefit of the drug to be assessed compared with an appropriate comparator therapy [1]. The confidence interval of a significant effect must lie completely outside a certain corridor around the null effect for the extent of the effect to be regarded as minor, considerable or...
