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Introduction. Bone is the second most commonly transplanted tissue. The problems with allografts and xenografts as substitute for original tissue are associated with the graft loosing, inflammation and osteolysis or the death of bone tissue, which only adds to the existing damages [1,2]. In order to solve these shortcomings, tissue engineering have suggested a number of potential therapeutic approaches for restoring bone tissue function by developing biocompatible and long-lasting tissue constructs [3]. In this regard, 3D printing has become of great interest due to its exceptional controllability, reproducibility and unlimited repeatability in fabricating layered scaffolds [4]. The paper presents the obtaining of 3D bioprinted scaffolds based on gelatine methacrylate (GelMa), chitosan methacrylate (CsMa), hyaluronic acid (HA), SPIONs and hydroxyapatite (Hap) and scaffolds evaluation for their applicability in bone regeneration engineering.
Methodology. PBS solutions of GelMa, CsMa and hyaluronic acid were homogenised with photoinitiator, SPIONs and different proportions of hydroxyapatite and bioprinted and crosslinked at 405nm, using a Cellink Bioprinter Inkredible+. Finally, the scaffolds were freeze-dried for characterization. The obtained scaffolds were characterized for their structure (FTIR, XRD), morphology (SEM microscopy), swelling behaviour, mechanical and magnetic properties, in vitro degradability and citocompatibility (osteoblasts).
Results. The scanning electron microscopy indicated a good homogenisation of the components and scaffold with controlled 3D structure and porosity can be obtained by modifying the composition and bioprinting parameters. The scaffolds retain simulated body fluids and are degradable by collagenase.The mechanical properties are strongly dependent by composition and a higher content of Hap increases the mechanical strength.
Conclusions. Composites 3D scaffolds with controlled morphology and biodegradability, with magnetic and mechanical properties have been obtained and tested. The scaffolds are citocompatible and induce cells adhesion and proliferation.
References: [1] H.Lu, X.Pan, M.Hu,et all, Applied Nanoscience, volume 11, pages335–346 (2021); [2] C.H.Janga, W.J.Kimb, G.H.Kim, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Volume 176, 15 April 2021, Pages 479-489; [3] S.Y.Hann, H.Cui, T.Esworthy et all, Acta Biomaterialia, Volume 123, 15 March 2021, Pages 263-274; [4] D.K.Patel, S.D.Dutta, J.Hexiu et all, Carbohydrate Polymers, Volume 281, 1 April 2022, 119077
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