Globally, approximately thirty-one percent of worldwide deaths are caused by cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Most CVDs are usually a late-stage clinical manifestation of atherosclerosis, which has been shown to be dependent on the complex interactions between various physical and biological factors of a blood vessel in a patient-specific manner. These factors include the anatomy of the...
"Introduction: Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathophysiologic mechanism of most myocardial diseases like myocardial infarction (MI), associated with impaired cardiac function and arrhythmias, preventing the heart from effectively satisfying the metabolic demand of the body[1]. Following cardiomyocytes injury, adverse fibrotic remodeling results from the altered activity of cardiac fibroblasts...
"Patterning and manipulation techniques have been used to fabricate 3D cell cultures in tissue engineering. The contactless magnetic manipulation approach is a rapid, simple, and cost-effective method that requires paramagnetic agents [1-3] or magnetic materials [4]. Here, to obtain patterned 3D cellular structures a new alginate-based bio-ink formulation was developed to fabricate 3D cellular...
"Introduction: Cardiac fibrosis arises after myocardial infarction, causing progressive heart failure. New regenerative medicine approaches are under investigation to reduce or revert cardiac fibrosis.
In agreement with the 3Rs principle, testing in in vitro platforms mimicking pathological cardiac tissue could reduce in vivo animal trials.
Previous literature reports in vitro models mainly...
"Introduction
Hydrogels are hydrophilic cross-linked polymeric materials that have been widely studied in tissue engineering (TE) to mimic human tissues [1]. The functionality of electroactive tissues, such as cardiac, neural and muscle, strictly depend on electrochemical signaling between cells. Therefore, TE scaffolds interacting with those tissues should be designed with electroconductive...
"Introduction
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the main cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. MI initiates a wound healing process resulting in a fibrotic tissue, characterized by random morphology and increased stiffness [1]. Currently, several advanced strategies based on regenerative medicine are under investigation and in vitro models of pathological cardiac tissue have attracted...
