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With the climate crisis as the greatest challenge of our time there is a need to rethink the role of lighting design together. Light Symposium 2022 (LS2022) invites researchers, professionals and students to contribute to how lighting design can play an essential role in a sustainable future. Through knowledge sharing across different scientific fields, we can propose new ways of living with light that consider the needs of people and the planet, and rethink the approach to lighting design in both research and practice.
The 8th Light Symposium will be held at the Copenhagen Campus of Aalborg University on the 21st-23rd September 2022. With focus on how technology is impacting lighting design, as well as how light and lighting affects animals, plant as well as human physical and mental well-being, LS2022 will be an opportunity to ask the questions and find the answers that ensure the diversity that truly sustainable lighting solutions require.
Lighting Metropolis, a visionary organization, that collaborates with the Municipality of Copenhagen, especially on how to implement public lighting of high-end quality and sustainable footprint, will have the honour to start this edition of "Light Symposium 2022" that is going to be held at Aalborg University Copenhagen. The conference will take place at Konferencesalen (Conference hall) from 9.30am to 4pm
For any questions or enquiries, please contact the reference person Hasnain Aslam, Senior Project Manager at Gate21 EM.: hasnain.aslam@gate21.dk
(Invitation-only)
The Master Educations Network meeting gives the chance to get in close contact with fellow professors, researchers from Master Educations across the world, in the field of Lighting Design. This event will give you the chance to expand both your academic network, as well create new possibilities for future collaborations and gain of new knowledge. For further enquiries about this event, please contact Louise Grønlund, Assistant Professor at the Department of Architecture and Design, at the Royal Danish Academy in Copenhagen. EM.:anch@kadk.dk
(Open for all)
The Light Collaboration Network meeting gathers professional lighting designers, engineers, manufacturers and many other relevant figures from the lighting design field worldwide. It will be hosted a session based on LCN's recent "Research Get Together", where it is encouraged a communication between light researchers from different fields and to inspire collaboration. This event will engage in some enriching and educational cross-disciplinary discussion but also it will extend your network for professional collaborations, get in contact with the latest projects, as well as new technologies within the lighting design field. Moreover, representatives from Daylight Academy, will also present during the meeting.
For further enquiries about this event, please contact Johannes Lindén, Researcher at University, SWE.
EM.: johannes.linden@design.lth.se
NOTE: Regarding "Daylight Academy" please contact Katharina Wulff, Associate professor at Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå Universitet, SWE EM.:katharina.wulff@umu.se
In this session, we'll be using the Midjourney AI Image Generator to create conceptual architectural lighting designs. We'll start by discussing what makes a good lighting design, the philosophical underpinnings of light, the media vernacular of light, and how to use light to create atmosphere. We'll then walk through the process of using the Midjourney AI Image Generator to create a variety of lighting designs, exploring how to use different settings and options to create different looks. By the end of the workshop, participants will have a good understanding of how to use the Midjourney AI Image Generator to create conceptual architectural lighting designs. Attendess should bring a laptop, as well as any other materials they might need for sketching or note-taking.
For sign-up, please contact George Palamas. There are limited places. EM.: gpa@create.aau.dk
In the Auditorium, Fagerhult, leading lighting manufacturer, will host a presentation titled: "What could make a real change in sustainable lighting?". Important themes will be discussed about lighting and sustainability, for instance whether that can be in production, investment, technical innovation or social aspects. For further questions and enquiries, please contact David Tistelgren, Regional Marketing Manager in the Nordic areas at Fagerhult. EM.:david.tistelgren@fagerhult.se
An open session of a get together for expanding everyone's network for professional collaborations among firms, companies, professionals and many other relevant positions within the lighting design field. Have the opportunity to meet representatives from: Lighting Metropolis, IALD Nordic, AAU, ELFORSK project no. 353-014, Fagerhult, DCL, Daylight Academy, Light Supply, Caleidoscope Systems, Oconeo, Sensitive, LCN, and Rebel Light.
The Networking will be held at the Foyer of Aalborg University and will be accompanied by delicious tapas and wine, kindly sponsored by Lighting Metropolis and Rebel Light.
For further enquiries about this event, please contact Daniel Thiesen, Teaching Assistant at Aalborg University Copenhagen. EM.: dthies18@student.aau.dk
IALD, International Association of Lighting Designers, will hold a session, where new ways of living with light will be proposed and discussed together, in both research and practice.
The session will have presentations by:
- Rickard Lundell, Founder of Rebel Light
- Chris Knowlton, CEO of IALD
- Emma Cogswell, Founder of Halo Lighting Design Services
For further questions and enquiries, please contact Jørgen Kjer, Lighting Designer at COWI and Associate of IALD. EM.:kjer@cowi.com
The opening speech for the Conference will be held by:
The Keynote speech for today will be held by Glenn Shrum, Associate Professor at Parsons School of Design, New York, USA; Founder at Flux Studio Ltd.
Before the Keynote speech will be introduced by Henrik Clausen, Director at Fagerhult Lighting Academy.
This paper documents the design process for the creation of a 3d printed luminaire series based on the principles of sustainable product and lighting design. In order to formulate the elements of what sustainable luminaire design should be, the lighting designer, made a recursion contemporary post-industrial design approaches, and concluded to state-of-the-art current trends in sustainable product and lighting design standards, technologies and materials. As a result of this interesting study of the principles of sustainable product and lighting design, this paper presents the design process step-by-step, as well as the sustainability design standards, which led to the final outcome, a series of original lighting fixtures entitled: Flames of Aegean.
Spaciousness is an important psychophysical value of space which has impacts on building occupants’ satisfaction and wellness. Previous research revealed through subjective experiments in spaces without windows that spaciousness is affected not only by the physical volume of space but also by lighting environment, and the effect can be estimated with a calculation model with average luminance and “dark-part-reduced visible volume”. The purpose of this study is to expand the scope of the calculation model to spaces with windows through subjective experiment, and for that, to improve the experimental procedure for steady comparison of various spaces in size avoiding stimulus range bias. We determined “typical standard conditions” as three sizes of simple rectangular spaces with uniform general lighting to cover experiments which use comparative condition spaces in visible volume of 10m3-2490m3. These are created with Virtual Reality to enable subjects to compare spaces apart from each other in reality, and to reduce the cost of preparing various spaces. We conducted a subjective experiment with this improved procedure in a room with windows and revealed that the accuracy of calculation model can be improved by additionally considering configuration factors of windows and applying different weighting factors to the volume corresponding to the windows.
The purpose of this study is to verify whether the spatial brightness of the real space can be reproduced using the high-luminance large screen display. Firstly, we conducted the subjective experiment in the real space. Next, the linear scaling images to present on the high-luminance large screen display were made from luminance and chromaticity data measured in the real space. The maximum value presentable by the display was 1,200cd/m2, therefore, luminance above 1,200cd/m2 were blown out. Then, the subjective experiment was conducted using those images displayed on the large screen display. The spatial brightness was memorized and answered by adjusting the luminance inside the reference space, called “adjustment box”, so that the brightness in the box became the same as the one in the real space. From comparing the logarithmic values of the brightness evaluation of the real space and the one of the linear scaling images on the display, we found that the spatial brightness evaluation on the display roughly matched to the one of the real space. It was also suggested that there is a possibility that the effects of windows on the spatial brightness evaluation may be different between the real space and the two-dimensional display.
The significance of circular economy and its integration into core strategies for smart, sustainable, and inclusive growth, is increasingly being recognized by individuals, organisations, and nations in recent times. The term ‘Design for Disassembly’ may conjure up images about the end-of-life of a product or its disposal. However, design for disassembly connects to numerous circularity and sustainability goals over the lifetime of a product or project and can have a large impact on the carbon footprint of the product. ‘Design for Disassembly’ is a product development methodology which is in line with the vision of a circular economy, and supports increase in material efficiency, extends product lifetimes and improves recycling efficiency. Reduction of the imposed environmental risks and impact on the climate, by utilising circularity approaches such as remanufacturing, are tied to lowering of carbon footprint. This paper describes specific and actionable approaches that can be applied by luminaire manufacturers, specifiers, and other players in the lighting industry. The readers will learn about current tools and methodologies that can be used to improve iterative design, as well as measure, assess, and compare products or materials.
Facades are important for controlling light entering a building and ensuring optimal conditions for occupants. But light can also cause discomfort, such as glare and overheating. Natural light changes with the time of day, the weather, and the season. Creating a responsive structure can enhance the visual quality and energy efficiency. Because of their properties, kinetic facades can react to various stimuli, such as heat and sunlight. In this paper, we discuss bio-mimetic approaches to kinetic facades and how they can be used to develop a design proposal for the light-responsive facade module. Motors drive most kinetic facades, which adds to the maintenance costs, thus,shape memory alloys (SMAs) are investigated as actuators. Facades should be visually appealing and reflect the bio-mimetic concept of the project while allowing natural light to pass through. The results show that the suggested solutions are both feasible and
aesthetically pleasing, thus comparable to traditional kinetic facade workflows. In conclusion, if bio-mimicry is to be used in large-scale construction, it is imperative that it is examined for the effects of different environmental conditions on bio-mimetic patterns.
Over the past years, the focus on public spaces and the need for well-designed outdoor environments has been a key focus for those professions working in the sector. There is increasingly a push for more pedestrian-oriented spaces which support movement and activity and also have an extended use after dark. It is increasingly more apparent, however, where the divide exists between areas that are in well-off areas than those in more deprived areas. This is particularly apparent after dark where the lighting design more often than not, creates the most apparent social divides. Lighting becomes cooler, glare is abound, playgrounds are unlit and any sense of human scale is lost with a blanket lighting, or lack of lighting, approach becoming dominant. These spaces of course are not those featured in magazines, blogs or awards
ceremonies. These are the spaces that continuously fly under the radar and hinder a bigger positive change. And although, in some cases, best practice guidelines are followed, the end result does not create inviting spaces after dark. We still regularly encounter pedestrian and residential spaces that are lit primarily with bulkheads or streetlights or where the only play areas are dark at 3pm in winter in Northern Europe. These spaces lack atmosphere and character, the very things pedestrian spaces require. With this in mind, we question how lighting design as a profession can evaluate a successfully lit outdoor space. Is it time to develop a new approach that takes into consideration the everyday user experience, not just the technical successes? And can this approach/methodology better inform best practice guidelines for the future and begin to close the gap of lighting inequality by raising the bar? Through our studio’s work we have been exploring new methods to engage with the public on topics of lighting both in the UK and in Europe. A number of cities and municipalities are also increasingly working towards a more engagement-oriented approach that demonstrates lighting design in easy to understand terms and installations in situ which in turn helps us as designers better design outdoor spaces for the end users by creating a common language and understanding.
Lighting technologies have been rapidly developing in recent years together with the advancement in digital and connected technologies. Nevertheless, while achieving quantitative goals with the help of technical developments, there is always a need to correlate them with their impacts on users’ experience. This paper focuses on the changes in human behaviour whilst walking under an artificially lit outdoor environment. A systematic literature search was conducted from which three groups of a pedestrians’ behaviour were identified, namely walking (including activity levels and walking patterns), microscopic mobility (including walking speed, gait characteristics and use of walkway space) and gaze behaviour. An additional round of a literature search was done for each of the group mentioned above. Final set of the articles consisted of 41, 13 and 12 papers for walking, microscopic mobility behaviour and gaze behaviour subgroups respectively. The existing knowledge on possible changes in pedestrian behaviour caused by various artificial lighting settings was summarized. In addition, the methods to gather data about these changes applied in the selected papers were reviewed, and the perspectives for video-based analysis and online public participation geographic information system methodologies were discussed tunable and dimmable LED lamps and LED luminaires are used increasingly in both domestic and professional lighting sector. The documentation of energy and light quality performance are often very limited for only for a single setting of multiple possible settings. Fifteen LED lamps and eight LED luminaires that are dimmable and tuneable white have been selected for demonstration of the variations in these parameters and possible errors in lighting design simulations. These have been tested in over twenty modes of operation including dimming from 100% to 25%, and correlated colour temperature (CCT) settings from 2200K to 6500K. The inherent standby power of these colour tuneable devices is measured, and the overall efficacy is evaluated in normal usage situations. In average for all tested LED lamps and luminaires 49% and 33% of the energy consumption is used in standby mode for 1h and 2h on time pr. day, respectively. The extensive set of test results show that there can be very large variations in e.g. the luminous flux, luminous efficacy and stroboscopic visibility measure (SVM), while others are very consistent over the modes of operation. The luminous flux shows variations of down to 22% of the maximum and rated value, and these lowest values occurs at the lowest CCT. The best performing has over 90% at all CCT settings. For the luminous efficacy most test results show a maximum value at 4000K or at the maximum CCT, and variations down to 20-50% of the maximum efficacy. The SVM is shown to increase to values over 1 and up to 2.4 at low dimming levels or low light output, demonstrating that stroboscopic effect will be visible for the majority of people and hence a problem in such settings. This is seen for approx. half the tested while the others have SVM < 0.4 for all settings and will not be visible over all settings. These results demonstrate the need for testing over the possible modes of operation to be able to correctly design and simulate a lighting installation using dimmable and colour tunable LED lamps and luminaires. The needed new dataformats and adoption of these from test laboratories to lighting software, in order for lighting designers and energy engineers to be able to make use of the extensive test results, are discussed.
This paper explores social interaction in local public squares under different lighting conditions. At its best public squares are social spaces that engender a sense of belonging, increase the quality of life and wellbeing of individuals. It is proposed that outdoor lighting would be essential to the use of the public realm after dark, but empirical results regarding lighting conditions and social aspects of life in public squares are limited. Based on a socio-physical conceptual model of the transactional relationship of the user, the lit environment and the behavioural outcome, this study investigated active social interaction in daylight compared to after dark. A field study was conducted in two local public squares in Malmö, Sweden. The occurrences of which visitors were being alone, in pairs, or in groups of three or more (N=2522), and verbal or non-verbal interaction amongst those in company of another person were recorded. The lit appearance of the two squares after dark, was assessed with HDR-photography and photometric measurements; portraying dissimilar spatial, spectral and intensity characteristics. The results of social interaction show dissimilar patterns of the two squares; an increase in social interaction in EL after dark was observed in one of the squares, while a decrease in the afternoon and no significant difference was displayed in the evening after dark in the other square. It is suggested that lighting may sustain patterns of social interaction after dark, however it might be, that the company of another is especially important after dark.
This paper is part of the author’s thesis wherein she attempted to investigate the hypothesis that a light festival is not only an entertainment based light show but could also be a sustainable renewal strategy for dead urban spaces. ‘Public space is our open-air living room’, where people meet, interact and replenish their body and mind away from work and home. However, due to various reasons, the current pandemic being one of them, has led to the present generation being seen as an indoor generation. As a result, while a lot of urban spaces are tending to be ‘abandoned and left areas that have lost their function’. The author’s thesis is a qualitative study to check the feasibility of light festivals as a sustainable strategy to tackle the lifelessness of such dead urban spaces. This paper in particular, presents a qualitative case study of 4 light festivals. This was achieved through both primary sources in the form of personal interviews with organisers and systematic online desk study of the secondary sources of information available as reports by various national and international agencies, journals and peer reviewed papers published by researchers in various online journals of lighting and architecture. These festivals were chosen on the basis of their initial intentions of inception to match the impetus for this study. The success of the festivals is studied with respect to achievement of initial objectives. These are then qualitatively analysed under the categories of image regeneration, revenue generation and job generation to assess the holistic impact of light festivals at various locations in the world. The results of the study suggest that light festivals add playfulness and a sense of identity to public urban scape. The interventions, being temporary in nature, may disappear, but the memory of the event remains in collective memory. Through this, light festivals could potentially transform the views of inhabitants, so that they in turn, can transform their public spaces. The study also suggests that light festivals can be be socially and economically profitable. In conclusion, a light festival could be a successful contender as a sustainable urban renewal strategy.
The influence of urban lighting on the visual tasks of pedestrians are well known and, likewise, studies have explored the relationship between urban lighting and pedestrians’ feelings of safety. But there are other, less investigated, possible effects of light in mesopic situations. Research on street lighting for pedestrians has traditionally focused on minimal required illuminance for various visual performance tasks (e.g., obstacle detection and face recognition). However, it is not only pedestrians’ visual performance that is important for safety, but also their general attentiveness to the environment. Despite this, the psychological concepts related to the individuals’ attention, such as alertness, arousal and anxiety, have not
been considered in street lighting research to date even though they too can play an important role in pedestrian’s attention and safety. Since proper metrics for these concepts are needed, we conducted a pilot study to test their sensitivity. We decided for a conceptual replication of a field experiment from 1916 and managed to partly replicate the findings. More importantly, we learned meaningful lessons from this endeavour. Implications for future research are discussed.
Colour tunable and dimmable LED lamps and LED luminaires are used increasingly in both domestic and professional lighting sector. The documentation of energy and light quality performance are often very limited for only for a single setting of multiple possible settings. Fifteen LED lamps and eight LED luminaires that are dimmable and tuneable white have been selected for demonstration of the variations in these parameters and possible errors in lighting design simulations. These have been tested in over twenty modes of operation including dimming from 100% to 25%, and correlated colour temperature (CCT) settings from 2200K to 6500K. The inherent standby power of these colour tuneable devices is measured, and the overall efficacy is evaluated in normal usage situations. In average for all tested LED lamps and
luminaires 49% and 33% of the energy consumption is used in standby mode for 1h and 2h on time pr. day, respectively. The extensive set of test results show that there can be very large variations in e.g. the luminous flux, luminous efficacy and stroboscopic visibility measure (SVM), while others are very consistent over the modes of operation. The luminous flux shows variations of down to 22% of the maximum and rated value, and these lowest values occurs at the lowest CCT. The best performing has over 90% at all CCT settings. For the luminous efficacy most test results show a maximum value at 4000K or at the maximum CCT, and variations down to 20-50% of the maximum efficacy. The SVM is shown to increase to values over 1 and up to 2.4 at low dimming levels or low light output, demonstrating that stroboscopic effect will be visible for the majority of people and hence a problem in such settings. This is seen for approx. half the tested while the others have SVM < 0.4 for all settings and will not be visible over all settings. These results demonstrate the need for testing over the possible modes of operation to be able to correctly design and simulate a lighting installation using dimmable and colour tunable LED lamps and luminaires. The needed new dataformats and adoption of these from test laboratories to lighting software, in order for lighting designers and energy engineers to be able to make use of the extensive test results, are discussed.
In our previous study we proposed a new method, “photon flow”, to visualise the light propagation in space. Theoretically the photon flow depicts the physically correct light distribution, however, it was yet unclear whether people could correctly read the physical light field in actual spaces by observing the photon flow. Therefore, in this study we verified the relationship between the light field perceived in the real space (visual light field) and the one estimated by observing the photon flow. The experiment was conducted using the method of a white sphere, on which shade represents the light field at that point. We clarified the characteristics of the perceived light field in a simple rectangular space with one spotlight or two. The perceived light field when observing the photon flow was basically similar to the physical light field when there is one spotlight in the space. However, under the more complex scene, the subjects sometimes could not predict the physical light field well when seeing the photon flow. Basically, the perceived light field when observing the photon flow was close to the visual light field than expected. In future work we would like to clarify under which conditions people can estimate the correct physical light field by observing the photon flow and compare the difference between experienced and naïve observers.
To achieve a successful architectural project, it is essential for architects to truly understand and collaborate with other designers and engineers during the whole project. Regarding daylight analysis, what architects decide about the fenestration types, sizes, and their placements, interior layout design, interior or exterior materials, and finally the outer shape of the buildings may change the quantity and quality of natural light in the interiors. Moreover, such decisions about room configurations, fenestration, and materials can also directly or indirectly affect thermal comfort which is needed to be checked and confirmed by energy experts in the project. In this paper, a newly developed digital solution, and a new plugin called AftabRad is introduced. Its main goal is to export the 3D model from the BIM Modeling software to Radiance, as its daylight simulation core, and present the results back to the BIM software. This plugin can help daylight specialists to be fully or partially involved in any projects to assist architects or urban designers to easily calculate different types of static or dynamic daylight metrics by themselves. However, daylight specialists can do daylight calculations in the final stage or the project if it is needed. In such a project, since most of the daylight analyses for different types of alternatives can be done by architects, and regarding the nature of BIM-based project, by having direct dialogs with energy experts, the probability of achieving a well-daylit space, being thermally and visually comfortable, and fulfilling the daylight requirements can be much higher in comparison with doing daylight simulation just at the end of a project.
The direction, density, and diffusivity of light are important indicators of spatial characteristics in describing a three-dimensional light environment. Mury presented a method for describing, measuring, and visualizing the structure of light fields using spherical harmonics in terms of changes in the density and direction of light in three-dimensional space. We extended this study by using higher-order spherical harmonics, which would represent more diverse characteristics of the light environment. We also quantitatively described the light environment as numerical values and investigated the correspondence between these numerical values and human perceptual quantities. As a result, we confirmed that there is a certain degree of correspondence between the "complexity" quantified by the spherical harmonic and the "complexity" perceived by people when observing real space.
Through our work with urban masterplans, studying lit places and spaces in Norway for more than 20 years, and observing procedures of procurement and installations, we see some clear trends. There is a general tendency to light with the scope of augmenting visibility. Meaning that most effort is geared towards making spaces more visible with light, rather than creating good lighting environments. Lighting standards that set minimum lux level requirements should be a subject for thorough debate. They result in a never-ending increase in lighting installations and light levels. As lighting designers, we feel responsibility for the impact our work has on nature and society. Today we know that artificial light at night has both advantages and disadvantages to humans, in addition to negative impact on ecology and use of resources (3-11). Through a series of examples from the authors practice we will show how our studio is approaching sustainable lighting design. Working with lighting strategies, the focus is to give our clients tools to reduce light levels and maintain the best visual presentation. For this purpose, light distribution needs to be thoroughly planned and tested. When installations are completed, strategies to evaluate results, and discover possibilities to reduce more must be implemented.
Salt fog and atmospheric agents are two of the main causes of the corrosion affecting urban lighting luminaires. This research starts right from the study of this phenomenon. After a short analysis of the corrosion process occurring in traditional aluminum lighting bodies, it highlights the advantages of using an eco-sustainable polymeric material to produce highly resistant luminaires, a perfect example of the application of the circular economy model on products. The study focuses on the choice of green materials and low environmental impact production techniques, which lead to the production of efficient and durable urban lighting luminaires. Besides being eco-sustainable and recyclable, these materials make it possible to obtain highly customized designs, which can be molded in any geometric shape thanks to the production technique. Moreover, remote control devices can be fully integrated within the lighting fixtures, so they do not affect products’ aesthetics adversely. In support of this thesis, the research shows examples of installations where the design of these innovative luminaires met both aesthetic and functional needs of Municipalities and it focuses on the benefits deriving from the combination of green materials and LED technology, which guarantees innovative luminaires in the public lighting sector, completely environment-friendly and future-oriented.
This paper explores how lighting and darkness influence human experiences of architectural and social public urban contexts in dark hours. Tram stations in Aarhus, Denmark, are used as cases to investigate how brightness levels influence human sensory experience of the local space, the surroundings, co-presence with other people, and the activities performed in a specific context. Furthermore, this paper describes a transdisciplinary process, where methods from natural science, social science and arts/humanities are combined in three pre-analyses and a main field experiment. Lighting is often related to safety while darkness is related to fear. However, the findings from the main field experiment of this project indicate that lower and balanced brightness levels can sharpen our senses and create a relaxed atmosphere. Additionally, lower brightness levels enrich perceptions of and connections with spatial and social surroundings, thereby increasing perceived safety. We argue for context specific field experiments based on pre-analyses and the use of a transdisciplinary process, for drawing nearer to people’s immediate senses when exploring experiences of urban lighting. The ultimate goal of the studies is to inspire to solutions that exploit the architectural and social potential of lighting by lowering and balancing brightness levels, all while reducing energy use and light pollution.
This research aimed to test and study presence sensitive roadway lighting in a housing area in Finland, and to evaluate drivers’ experiences and attitudes of it. The lighting adapted both to motor vehicles using the road and to the measured traffic density along it. The case study was conducted on a collector road in Salo, a town in southern Finland. New, controllable LED lighting with PIR (passive infrared) presence sensors was built along the road, and test scenarios were designed, programmed, and tested. Drivers’ experiences and attitudes of the lighting were collected in a three-phase evaluation with questionnaires from the community of about 1000 households using the road as part of their daily mobility. The results indicate that as an experience, presence sensitive lighting in a road environment was at least as positive as traditional, uncontrolled lighting. The experiences of presence sensitive lighting did not differ from the experiences of uncontrolled lighting regarding pleasantness, uniformity, glare, and road visibility. Most of the drivers (86 %) did not notice any dynamic change in lighting. When informed about the tested lighting strategies, most of the participants (72 %) would prefer either one of the intelligent lighting modes to be the permanent lighting solution. The results encourage the use of intelligent lighting in striving towards more sustainable lighting solutions while maintaining user comfort and safety.
Looking at the architecture of modern housing in Denmark, it seems to express an understanding that equals more daylight with good daylight. With coated energy glass, the windows have increased in size, making glass into a façade material. This means that windows are no longer just holes in the façade but rather make up the entire façade itself. This changes the spatial relationship between the window design and distribution of daylight within the interior space, though we seldom address this lacking a vocabulary and methods. This paper sets out to investigate and experiment with how we can describe and document this change in daylight conditions and how these influence our visual environment, using photographs to record this. The methodology focusses on observations of daylit spaces in three different housing examples in Copenhagen from the 1800s to today. By observing the three daylit spaces, it becomes clear that differences in the size, shape, and position of window apertures influence the qualities of light in a space significantly. Considering that when it comes to window apertures different designs affect the experience of light in a space significantly, it is important to take this into account when designing with daylight. It is also important from a sustainability point of view to include this awareness in future design approaches.
The necessity of energy equilibrium in industrial building stock must be addressed at design level in order to optimise use of materials without jeopardising the functional outcome. To do so effectively, the designer should incorporate a light use vs availability balance that will harness as much natural light resources as possible without creating unfavourable conditions due to over-exposure and thermal gains/losses. This work is an exploration between the relationship of sustainability with Lean thinking in the backdrop of sustainable and Lean construction. Exploring the benefits of lean and sustainable construction is about exploring how one can bring about great environmental, economic and social gains with the
minimization of energy use, natural waste, environmental impacts as along with the creation of a healthy and productive work environment are the focus of sustainability in the construction industry. In effect answering how Daylight and Lean Thinking Principles can lead to optimizing Industrial buildings in terms of design and execution.
The central theme is daylight. In other words, seeing and sensing it, registering it through photographs and drawing the tangible conditions that form the framework for the appearances of daylight. Basically, it is about practising the ability to see differences – to see the differences in the daylight and thus heighten an awareness of how to choose to design with daylight in architecture. In educating architects, we are keenly aware of encouraging students to develop an awareness of the importance and effects of daylight. This paper will examine how the experience of daylight through a specific qualitative method can provide students with new knowledge through a phenological approach: gaining knowledge by studying the daylight in the home of each student where they live their daily lives, perhaps seeing the daylight or overlooking it. Their home becomes a laboratory for studying and documenting daylight through different formats and using different tools. There is a need to develop new teaching methods that can give students insight and tools for seeing daylight, founded on a belief that through this experience and knowledge they can design architecture with nuanced, diverse experiences of daylight. In a sustainable perspective, robust aesthetic sustainability must begin with the qualities of space, of which daylight is one of the most significant elements.
The light plays crucial role in forming the architectural experience and my interest is to examine how architects create bridges between the poetic and practical potential of light. A critical discussion about this topic is relevant especially in relation to the perceived lighting environment and role of light in today's architecture. How was the role of light changing in our society during historical periods? What is the role of light in architecture nowadays? Which architectural experience supports this role and what are the tools to capture it? Different ideas about light, linked to the aesthetic sense of successive historical periods lead to differently configured spaces. Understanding the enjoyment of the experience of spaces in history, but also today and determining its aesthetic value requires attention to details. Architecture can shape our daily experiences in material and detail and together with light form the basis of complete perception. I believe that consistent work with daylight in architecture is a catalyst for change and can significantly help us rediscover the relationship with nature. I believe, that by raising awareness about experiential approaches of working with a daylight will help us to find our way back to nature, origins and rise quality of architectural objects.
High-technology glazing panes are designed to meet the need for natural light, while optimizing key functions such as reducing solar heat gain in spaces and/or redirecting daylight to the rear of the spaces. However, the actual performance in terms of both illumination and glare protection of these glazing systems is often unknown. This study aims to compare the visual comfort performance of four complex fenestration systems by means of point-in-time measurements under real sky conditions and for different seasons. The tested systems included: two glazing types with embedded seasonal solar protection, namely, MicroShadeTM and CoolshadeTM, one prototype of daylight redirecting glazing with embedded micro-mirrors (GEMM), and one clear glazing. We conducted our tests in side-by-side nearly identical spaces in the NEST building in Dübendorf, Switzerland. Results showed a higher daylight provision for clear and daylight redirecting glazing. Discomfort glare assessment from daylight showed that MicroShadeTM was substantially more efficient at addressing glare due to sunlight for high sun angles when compared to CoolshadeTM. The performance of the GEMM prototype was highly dependent on the glazing pane used and one pane provided a promising performance when it comes to mitigating glare risks for high sun positions. However, none of the systems were able to provide an adequate glare protection for lower sun positions. The performed measurements provide a basis for the calibration of simulation models.
The aim of this study is to investigate the physiological stress effects of light colour on white and coloured LED lighting in the elderly people. The laboratory experiment was conducted on 19 elderly subjects and analysed using heart rate variability. The results showed that the 2700 K and 6500 K conditions, which significantly decreased HR and significantly increased HF, were considered to be relaxing tendencies. Based on the experimental results of previous studies, comparisons with young age groups showed that there were no differences in tendency according to light colour between age groups, but that the tendency to relax may be weakened in elderly people.
The objective of this study is to find out if it is possible to achieve the circadian levels recommended by different published lighting guidelines using different color configurations in a text editor. By measuring 25 monitors of different sizes, the circadian impact is evaluated at a standard distance using two different parameters: Circadian Stimulus and Melanopic Equivalent Daylight Illuminance. After analyzing the results, we see that during the night Circadian Stimulus is, in most cases, within the recommended range, but the same is not true for Melanopic Equivalent Daylight Illuminance. In addition, the circadian impact of the f.lux software has been analyzed and compared with two different cases of color configurations in a text editor.
This paper presents preliminary results of analyzes of the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in a full scale rotatable 1:1 mockup of a patient room. As initial part of the planning of the indoor environment at a new mental hospital, the project seeks to uncover the natural differences and limitations of the building, caused by the geographical orientation. Examining the outdoor diurnal variations and their effect on the indoor environment, in order to create a balance between on the one hand, daylight and artificial lighting and on the other hand the demand for passive cooling, using natural ventilation. The analysis discuss potential health aspects of daylight and fresh air and proposes a new strategy for dynamic artificial lighting, including natural ventilation to supplement mechanical ventilation. In this article we uncover daylight conditions based on two main parameters; 1) the geographic orientation (N, S, E and W) and 2) the season (summer and winter). Based on the preliminary data and the regional daylight conditions, the article proposes a new way to plan the indoor environmental quality called Lattitude and Orientation Compensated Architectural Lighting (LOCAL).
Prior to the installation of new integrative lighting systems, perceived experiences by nurses of the existing lighting were collected as a baseline study through interviews at two newly built hospital units in Denmark. This paper addresses the advantages and barriers that the current lighting application presents for the nurses’ work-practice. The study found that ten out of twelve of the interviewed staff at the Neuro Intensive Care Units (neurologic-ICUs) and Recovery Ward (RW) prefer to work in relatively dark conditions. The interviews revealed how light and darkness are perceived as important to the staff for entraining the circadian rhythm of the patients; this was manifested in their working routines. An identification and description of nurses’ experience will guide and inform future implementation of integrative lighting systems at neuro-ICUs to ensure patients’ sleep quality and recovery, improve visual comfort for the staff, enhance the degree of perceived usefulness of the lighting systems and facilitate technology acceptance. The study concludes that there is a need for implementing differentiated lighting design for the different units and contexts in the hospital, in contrast to a ‘one-size fits-all’ lighting implementation.
The experience of light in a space and the physiological effect of light combined is complex to study. Methods which combine parameters from the fields of the biological, visual and atmospheric effects of light through a combination of both qualitative and quantitative data collection on site, seem more important than ever to validate the potentials of integrative lighting. A case study, conducted in two elderly homes in Copenhagen and Aarhus in Denmark, is used to evaluate a mixed methods approach, assessing an integrative lighting design solution. Luminaires with circadian settings, are implemented as a supplementary lighting with the aim of supporting various objectives, including biological stimulation and a homely atmosphere in the elderly homes. To evaluate the implementation of the lighting, a convergent mixed methods approach is used, collecting quantitative and qualitative data. In parallel to collecting quantitative measurements, such as melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance (mEDI) and photopic lux, semi-structured interviews based on questionnaires and card-sorting, on the same subjects are carried out. To evaluate the approach for evaluating the implementation of this integrative lighting, three criteria are introduced: a) integration, b) flexibility and c) validity. The integration of results enabled to compare the different methods and findings to identify and study correlations, differences or contradiction. That was conducted across the three topics: biological, visual, and atmospheric effects of the integrative lighting design solution. A framework for a holistic approach for evaluating lighting in elderly homes was defined, with an indication of the need for further development in an iterative process.
The present Panel discussion will touch upon original feature of "Lighting design for sustainable future"
The moderator of the Panel discussion will be held by Michael Mullins, MAA, Ph.d., Emeritus, Associate Professor, Dept. of Architecture, Design and Media Technology at Aalborg University Copenhagen.
The panel discussion will include:
- Katharina Wullf, Associate professor at Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå Universitet, SWE
- Marie-Claude Dubois, Associate professor at Division of Energy and Building Design, Lund University, SWE.
- Mandana Sarey Khanie, Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering
Indoor Environment, DTU, Lyngby, Copenhagen, DK.
- Lyn Godley, Associate Professor of Industrial Design, Thomas Jefferson University, US.
The official conference dinner will take place in central Copenhagen, at Aamanns Replik, Skuespilhuset. There will be served a tasting menu, paired with wine as well as dessert with coffee/tea. We are looking forward to a wonderful evening with lighting design community across the globe. There is a possibility to join the “Light Walk” after the dinner.
Dresscode: business casual
Guided tour in inner city of Copenhagen with Jesper Ravn, architect and lighting designer at Gottlieb Paludan Architects and Associate of IALD. Starting point will be by the entrance of Skuespilhuset.
Please remember to bring warm clothes. The tour will finish by a metro station.
The Keynote speech for today will be held by Mark Ridler, Head of Lighting at BDP, London, UK.
Before the Keynote speech, the introduction will be performed by Henrik Clausen, Director at Fagerhult Lighting Academy.
Game-based learning is rapidly transforming the educational landscape by providing engaging supplementary tools to students around the world. A problem area where game-based learning has not been empirically studied is the subject of additive color theory. Can a puzzle video game increase players’ knowledge of additive color theory? This paper describes how a puzzle game can be designed in order to teach this topic. The puzzle game prototype Temple of Starlight was developed, and an evaluation of its effectiveness at teaching was performed. The evaluation was done online following a within-subjects study design, where the participants answered questions about additive color theory before, immediately after, and a week after playing through the game prototype. Two analyses were performed: first one comparing the amount of correct answers from before playing the game and right after playing; and the second one comparing answers from before playing and a week after playing. Results showed a significant increase in knowledge of additive color theory, both right after (N = 37, p = <.001) and a week after (N = 30, p = <.001) playing through the game prototype. This suggests that the game prototype could be used as valuable supplementary material for teaching additive color theory in learning environments.
This article presents a case study conducted in the metropolis of Brest, France in 2022, designed to support public policy decision-making by integrating the knowledge and needs of citizens during the different stages of a night-time urban planning project, around the notion of synchronization of the city's rhythms. It presents three innovations: (1) Actors: coordination of public and private actors, common vocabulary, cartographic representations of assets, introduction of participatory approaches, activation of citizen knowledge in political expertise. (2) Sociology: participative modalities, objectification of citizens' knowledge, definition of their decision-making perimeter, (3) Public lighting policies: territorial and social
strategy of light sobriety, regularization and empowerment of the network of actors. The conclusion of this article will focus on the limits, added values and development axes of nocturnal urban sociology as a support for decision-making in public lighting management and renovation strategies, and will open up the mobilization of the rhythms and temporalities to be mobilized in order to restore balanced nocturnal ambiences between lighting, which is essential, and darkness, which is vital.
Explicit evaluation methods and suppression techniques for reflected glare have not been clarified in museum lighting. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the occurrence mechanism of reflected glare and to make use of its knowledge for future exhibitions in museums. In this paper, for the first step, we focused on the several factors, which were assumed to have an influence on the intensity of the reflected glare, such as the balance between ambient light levels for an exhibition room and target light levels for paintings, the Munsell value of paintings, and the amount of varnish coating. We conducted a subjective experiment in which the reflected glare on the replica paintings was evaluated by subjects aged in their 20s in an experimental room that was assumed to be an actual exhibit space. Based on the results of this experiment, we confirmed that the degree of reflected glare in museums could be roughly estimated from
luminance distribution, reflectance, and glossiness of the paintings.
This study aims to verify the relationship between the spatial brightness evaluation and average luminance on a moving gaze point tracking by targeting offices with different luminance distributions. Subjects wearing eye-tracking devices evaluate the spatial brightness of the various light environments displayed on a large screen display. In the results, the tendency for gazing at the window is found to be high as compared to the other parts. The average luminance is calculated by integrating the time on the path of the moving gaze point. Furthermore, we analyse the relationship between the average luminance of each part of the light environment on the display and the brightness evaluation value. The average luminance considering the movement of the gaze point at the time of brightness evaluation has higher explanatory power,0.305, for the spatial brightness than the average luminance,0.259, in the entire visual field area.
In contrast, the explanatory power of brightness evaluation was not improved drastically, even considering the gazing time and luminance. In future, the relationship between the evaluation of the spatial brightness and the gaze point/gaze time can be analysed by considering the absolute value of the luminance of the window surface and the luminance ratio with the surroundings.
Although lighting is a theme usually loved by architects, there are few studies about appropriate pedagogical strategies focusing on its teaching in architectural undergraduate courses. This subject rarely is present in conferences, symposia, and similar events regarding architectural education. Due to historical mistakes, lighting education is often conducted in such courses with no link to the architectural design process. Regarding daylighting, it not always goes beyond solar geometry and insolation control, and electrical lighting is addressed to the discipline of electrical installations, strictly based on a calculation approach. It urges to present lighting to students as an integral and indissociable part of the architectural space itself. Also, it is essential to support a process of learning based on observation and laboratory experimentation. This paper discusses these issues and presents a pedagogical proposal favouring drawing with light, both daylighting and electrical lighting, since the first steps of the architectural design process. An electronic tool yet under development and destined to help in decision-making related to daylighting in the initial phases of design development is also presented. For a sustainable and safe future in a world in rapid transformations due to technological advances and pandemic events, lighting education deserves to be exhaustively studied by educators and architecture schools worldwide. Sharing knowledge in a network seems to be the best way for such an objective.
Researchers and designers use the words “artificial” or “electric” to describe lighting products, design, or research related practices, and there appear to be differing opinions about which is the more appropriate term. Generally, there are challenges with a common use of language and vocabulary in interdisciplinary research and this might be also valid for design and research in lighting design across different disciplines. The authors were educated in opposing practices of using “electric” lighting vs “artificial” lighting; this started a discussion and the conceptualization of this article. The paper explores, summarizes and discusses through literature review and a survey the concepts described and conveyed by both terms in different disciplines. Interestingly we could find differences among and between disciplines and professional backgrounds. This might indicate that the education and nomenclature in the field influences the use of terms. We found a tendency to refer to light sources either in terms of the energy used to generate the light, e.g. electric light or gaslight, but also in terms of the effect that it evokes, e.g. candle light is defined natural. Generally, a common lighting glossary could be developed through continuous discussion and studies. As today’s complex questions are discussed in interdisciplinary teams, a common language might promote effective communication and stimulate sustainable solutions.
This paper presents the results of ‘Light4Health’ (L4H), a three-year EU Erasmus+ Strategic Partnership grant project (2019-2021), which investigated, systematized and taught health-related research on the impact of natural and artificial light on human health and well-being relevant to indoor lighting design. The objective was to re-think evidence-based lighting design approaches for residential, working/educational, and healthcare spaces, in order to develop a novel cross-disciplinary eLearning platform, that intersects lighting design and current peer-reviewed health research through a select combination of the most relevant research, methods, and tools. The content was developed through teaching workshops with international researchers, teachers, and students. Participating students were introduced to the application of relevant research and new metrics, in order to produce creative lighting design proposals. Students were able to inform lighting design approaches that support health and well-being without compromising creativity via the tools and methods developed through the health sciences. With this project, participants and consortium members have narrowed the gap that exists between research and the practice/application of lighting, by translating research from complex scientific jargon into various tools for designers to use. The knowledge gained, was consolidated into an open-access online curriculum for international lighting design students, educators and professionals via the free eLearning Moodle platform (https://course.light4health.net/).
Often the criteria for designing office lighting is to increase efficiency through a bright and evenly distributed lighting. Yet, research has found that this static lighting leads to an unstimulating, boring, and dull luminous environment that supports neither task focus, nor a pleasant atmosphere. The goal of this paper is to create a closer connection to a natural light environment by designing an office lighting that inspired by light as natural phenomenon creates a lively and more nature-based atmosphere. We developed a lighting design with focus on analysing the perceived atmosphere as a metric for a dynamic lighting design for a meeting room of a real estate company in Denmark. Through a mixed method approach, we explore the design factors that determine the desired natural atmosphere. Our design aims at enhancing the function of the meeting room as a formal space where negotiations are held by 1) presenting the identity of the company to the business partners; and 2) supporting employees’ sense of belonging to the company culture. As a result, our lighting design creates a lighting hierarchy in line with the architectural elements of the space, complementing daylight through electric lighting in a dynamic way, accounting for both sky-type and daylight inflow.
According to the works of W.R. Ott, we are an ‘indoor species’, spending on an average, 87% of our time in closed environments. Our long interaction with indoor surroundings, creates the need for such spaces to be sustainable, bringing factors affecting user behaviour and consequent usage patterns under the microscope. This is an empirical study investigating if reflected light carries a component of colour taken from pigmented surfaces and if this colour of reflected light has any influence on usability of a space and its user pattern. The study is conducted in domestic interior environments of a student housing in Stockholm under artificial light conditions that were static and constant. The period of study was limited to weekends to observe the user behaviour in conditions of free will. It is a comparative analysis between two dining spaces having identical architectural and lighting attributes, with colour of walls as the only change in the two study sets. There were two separate user groups of similar age groups, similar needs and similar time schedule. The study includes four stages of observation and data gathering by adopting qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The effects of colour on the perception of space and light and hence usability of the two spaces cannot be negated completely, even if more study is needed to prove the same. The results can be used to question the photometric instruments in their inability to detect such aspects of reflected light. This also helps to underline the need for involvement of a qualified lighting designer in the making of spaces from the beginning till the end for interpreting the effects of the interactions between light and pigmented surfaces. The findings may be considered a stimulus for developing a set of standards for colour and coloured reflected light in a given environment as a measurable parameter of light for sustained usage of indoor environments.
This paper presents a qualitative descriptive case study that aims to build awareness about the need for improvement of the indoor environment in classrooms and to exemplify how renewal-oriented processes can be initiated. The study focuses on innovation processes that have resulted in both completely new designs and further spread of innovative solutions. The reason for the need to improve is that too many pupils and students have problems with concentration, relaxation and recuperation. The number of diagnoses such as Autism and ADHD is growing. One factor which significantly influences the pupil’s mental wellbeing is the daily physical environment. The single aspect which may be improved in reasonable time, at a reasonable cost, is the lighting design of classrooms. An underlying reason for the habit to continue installing insipid uniform static “light-carpets” is the lack of awareness about how lighting affects well- being and health. As with innovation in other industries, it is an innovation dilemma that the vast majority of the people who sell and procure classroom lighting tend to prefer the established solutions that they are used to. The article describes how Malmö's early investment in Human Centric Lighting and the unique indoor environment of the Study hall in the Centre for Economic Sciences at Uppsala University are used as role models for lighting design in classrooms. The case study combines the authors' own observations and earlier interviews with users. Malmö's temporal light variation and parts of the Study hall’s lighting design are used in more than 30 classrooms, in Malmö, Stockholm Business School and Iggesund. The article concludes with suggestions on how today’s lighting design knowledge and technology can be combined to provide more advanced adaptations to the varying lighting needs of pupils, students and teachers.
The present paper summarises tendencies related to research in lighting for school environments from 1980 to 2020. Methods and tools used to evaluate and analyse both daylight and electric lighting are presented. The studies in this literature review were grouped in four decades and are presented chronologically. The review suggests a shift from on-site evaluations in the early decades, both when using qualitative and quantitative research methods, to software-based research and analysis in more recent studies. during the past decade, there appears to be a general increase in both software and user-based techniques for evaluation and design of educational spaces. However, it is interesting that the lighting layout in classrooms does not show significant changes during the four decades since it follows the same grid pattern regardless of the changes in architectural, design and teaching tendencies.
Natural day light has important qualities that we need for our physical comfort, biological health, and psychological wellbeing. Modern lighting addresses our physical need for light and human centric lighting our biological needs, but both lack qualities of natural daylight we need. The Design Principles for Natural Lighting references Biophilic design theory and focuses on our experience of light and its psychological effect through our senses. A model is proposed for composing natural light experiences practically and various examples assessed. NatureConnect is presented as a purposely designed lighting system based on the design principles and its approach discussed.
The term "biophilic design" is recognized by some designers who coined a word for designing instinctively using fresh understandings, reasons, and views, which helps reconnect us with the natural world in the indoor environment. Within the various patterns that connect humans with nature, natural lighting provides an orientation to the day and night according to the sun's location and cycles, which is essential for human health and wellness. The supply and quality of natural lighting, including its influence on mood, have been extensively investigated and written about for many years in various locations and the overlapping science and design disciplines. This paper analyzes the biophilic design approach to mood for the natural lighting conditions that change according to the position of the office environments in winter. The selected two indoor office environments were located in the Faculty of Architecture at Çankaya University on Main Campus, on the second floor of the building. Office-1 overlooked the design studio, preventing it from taking natural lighting directly, and Office-2 directly penetrated the natural lighting. Natural lighting-based photos were taken from the selected offices during three periods of the day. The photos and a survey were directed at the two groups: Group 1 consisted of the students who took the Natural and Artificial Lighting Course, and Group 2 students who did not take this course. The experimental instruments analyzed their moods to evaluate natural lighting conditions.
Smart Lighting is widely viewed as a means to reduce energy use, streamline city services and lower maintenance costs of public lighting. These are valid perspectives and useful pursuits, but they leave a blind spot that needs urgent attention: how the application of Smart Lighting technologies could affect and benefit people in public space. Illumination as it is currently deployed is mostly utilitarian. Creative and innovative opportunities are often overlooked. It is critical for designers to reclaim their role in this technological sea-change to combine the operational benefits of Smart Lighting with benefits for people on the ground. Involving the community should in our view be part of this process. Our goal is to unearth techniques and design approaches so that Smart Lighting becomes a flexible tool for community- informed night experiences.
The present article describes a perspective on tactical urban lighting and its power as a source for disruption and innovation in the field of urban lighting. It is the result of an applied research that is currently being carried out by a task group formed by technicians, planners, managers and designers from different private companies and public institutions with responsibility and expertise in public lighting and urban planning. The group objective is to explore innovative methods and state of the art technology implementations as a practical application of the evidence-based knowledge in the field of artificial lighting for the sake of health and well-being. The definition of health is extended, as the concept of well-being includes the urban space as an ecosystem. There is also a fundamental source of awareness that comes from social sciences about how the built environment design promotes well-being, or else constitutes a hazard for health. After a definition phase for the methodologies and the technology that would need to be developed, the task group is focused on developing new products and planning a prototype installation on a real playground. A tactical, lightweight intervention in an urban green area in the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona is designed to implement, test, and communicate these innovative methods. Once the experiment is validated, a collaboration with public authorities will allow to introduce innovative perspectives in street lighting. Having received support from local’s regional government innovation programmes, through a competitiveness strengthening initiative, the project is partly funded by the European Commission.
Outdoor lighting has mainly been approached as an engineering subject throughout its history. The current urban lighting requirements are established upon factors which mainly refer to motorised traffic dynamics. As a consequence, excessive lighting levels are found in the city environments with a negative impact on the human as well as the environmental sphere. By synthesising scientific knowledge on human visual system and outdoor lighting theories, this research seeks to formulate strong arguments to point at the lack of human scale in the contemporary practice and to question the adequacy of the standard requirements for human vision in nighttime settings. The knowledge gained from scientific studies and ongoing research shows how the nighttime visual experience of pedestrians is still an untapped dimension, unveiling the lack of defined guidelines and methods to approach the design of urban lighting through the lens of this target. With a focus on soft mobility, the aim of the study is to address dark adaptation as a human factor in the design of urban lighting and to provide evidence on the human eye’s ability to perform in dim conditions. Important findings from the literature review were used as requirements to formulate a methodology to approach the design of pedestrian lighting in urban environments. Strong conclusions could be drawn on the figure of dark adaptation and important lighting requirements were identified to facilitate this process in the condition of soft mobility. Even though further research and experimentation are required to implement dark adaptation in the design of urban lighting, this paper’s goal is to open up new perspectives in the field, shaping the vision for the future of cities with reduced urban illumination.
Non-white light (NWL), and specifically yellow-orange or amber light sources, are often posed as a solution for environmentally sensitive areas and for astronomical sky glow. Lighting requirements published by various institutions ranging from public advocacy groups to governmental regulators demonstrate little agreement on NWL spectral thresholds and metrics. A recent market and performance analysis of NWL policies and products found that current international guidelines are not aligned, the terminology currently used by the lighting industry is inconsistent, and NWL LED products would likely not meet performance requirements for luminaire efficacy or colour rendition set by existing certification bodies.
In our well-lit cities today, light pollution has become an increasing issue and serious threat of natural darkness and the view to a night sky full of stars. Darkness is not only a natural part of the day- and night-time cycle, but it is a basic need for all living creatures. And as light takes over in our night-time environment, this causes issues for both wildlife, nature, and human health. This project thematizes these issues by introducing new perspective on how to create a balanced relationship between human needs for lighting and natural needs for darkness. Through the case of Anholt island, the darkest place in Denmark, this is done by investigating human perception in low-level lighting and the Moon as a natural light source, that can be incorporated in a lighting design. The result is a dynamic lighting scheme, which incorporates the Moon’s cycle by turning the electrical light ‘on’ and ‘off’ depending on the significance of moonlight.
This both in a functional and aesthetical way, which not only protects the darkness but enhances the atmosphere of it, while at the same time supporting human needs for lighting in an urban context.
With the recent widespread adoption of LED lighting in outdoor areas, numerous concerns have been raised about the potential for harmful effects on humans, animals, plants, and the night sky. These stem from the high blue light content of some LED bulbs and an incentive to increase lighting levels caused by higher efficiency and lower costs. While new lighting installations are often described as environmentally friendly due to their energy efficiency, factors such as light pollution are often neglected or not given enough weight. This research focuses on optimizing the design of exterior lighting for human, environmental, and economic factors using a multi-criteria decision analysis. Based on data in the literature and survey research, illuminance and spectrum alternatives were scored relative to each other using the analytic hierarchy process and multi-attribute utility theory. The findings of this study support the use of artificial illumination at levels similar to a full moon (0.01 fc) and a warm white spectrum (2700K or 2200K), with amber LED becoming a better choice if its energy efficiency and cost effectiveness improve in the future. This methodology can be used in the future as a framework for lighting design optimization in different settings.
Light pollution became a major transboundary concern for the environment and biodiversity protection, especially with regard to species migration and spatial orientation. In view of the need for effective nature conservation, the international community has to adapt to the new challenges. The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, or the Bonn Convention, as the main international framework for migratory species protection, has recently taken initial steps towards mitigation of light pollution adverse impacts. In order to understand the response to the new environmental problem at the international level, this article explores and briefly summarizes the response of the Bonn Convention framework on light pollution as a hazardous threat. The article also discusses the potential role of the Convention in the formation of an international regulatory framework on this matter.
Moderator: Michael Rohde
Despite a rapid transition to LED lamps, it is still little knowledge about the effects of these light sources on users with low vision. The study’s main objective was to acquire a better understanding about how correlated colour temperatures (CCTs) of non-directional LED affect visual accessibility and perceptions of lighting quality in homelike environments among visually impaired persons. The study took place in a full scale laboratory in which CCTs of 2,700 K and 4,000 K were tested. Participants having normal vision (N=60, 24 males, 36 females, M = 25.50) were divided into three groups of 20 to assess the two lit environments with cataract goggle, severe cataract goggle and normal vision respectively. They were asked to perform everyday activities while the observer recorded the time and conducted observations, and to rate the difficulty of each activity. Thereafter, the participants were asked to rate their perceptions of lighting quality and contrasts in the room. With the same CRI of Ra80, there were no differences in the performance of everyday activities between the two CCTs whereas the differences in the perceived lighting quality and the perceived contrasts were found. The cool white CCT was found to positively affect visual accessibility and perceived contrasts however, its comfort quality remains questionable.
In modern times we are exposing ourselves to artificial light sources more than our ancestors were and it is conflicting with learned behaviours developed during the evolutionary process over thousands of years. In this review paper, the effect of this rapid change and possible effects on human wellbeing is questioned. Publications detailing, the health consequences of circadian disruptions and the current stage of global artificial light at night publications have been reviewed to see the level of intrusive lighting at night and to understand the possible connection. The current level of light pollution is mainly questioned as it is reported that the human circadian system and melatonin suppression is more sensitive to a lower level of light than has been previously reported. During the time of review “Light at Night and Circadian” terms used in at Google Chrome search engine and, 24,557 publications were found on Science Direct, 17,500 publications were found on Google Scholar, and 1,240 free publications were found on PubMed sites that are directly related to the circadian rhythm and light at night topics. Among those publications, recently published research papers (2010-2020) have been selected for review to narrow down the reviewed light sources to light emitting diodes (LEDs) as it is noted that the circadian system is susceptible to the blue wavelengths and LEDs are showing a peak in their spectrum at the same sensitivity area. At the end of the review, possible direct connections between the use of artificial light and adverse physiological and psychological effects with more severe health problems have been found. In addition, the current light pollution studies showed that vast majority of the global population is living under light polluted skies and possibly experiencing the negative effects of disrupted circadian system daily and therefore experiencing deteriorating effects of circadian disruptions and personal wellbeing. As the use of artificial light rapidly increases with global population, exposure to artificial light will increase exponentially in the near future and not only human beings but also the rest of the ecosystem will suffer from its negative effects. Because of this rapid change we should start implementing more stringent guidelines written with consideration for the health implications of artificial light while controlling the excessive use of it. Also, as the LED based lighting systems increase their popularity worldwide, we should start researching a possible modification to reduce the impact of the LED lighting on circadian system and its negative effects on human wellbeing.
The main objective of this work is to determine if lighting can help triggering emotions in the inhabitants, and if so, if it can be achieved through design. For this, a literature review of several authors, such as Sztulwark, Rose, Chaves, Lozoya and Crilly among others was needed. This was seen through an interdisciplinary approach where several concepts were translated to the lighting design field, built from others, and linked to make them useful for this purpose. The understanding of this concepts will help as a tool to understand the relation between lighting and emotions. Concepts such as context, artifact, use and function will take an important role. Subjects such as communication and the importance of language, as well as the inhabitant’s interpretation of the space and its lighting will be touched. Light will be treated as a material and lighting as an artifact with which the inhabitant has a direct contact. The relation of lighting and emotions will be seen differently than that of a direct action-reaction. It was found that the
thoroughly understanding of context was the link between light and emotions that should be understood and worked, although the expected result will not always be successful.
This paper introduces the principle of Universal design into the field of lighting design by pointing to and discussing their shared understandings of human diversities, and how functionality as well as experiencing are equally important aspects of designs. This introduction is initialized by the presentation of a thematic analysis of an ethnographic field study investigating how midwives practice and experience lighting in the delivery room during childbirth. Taking on a phenomenological approach, the analysis showcases how lighting both serves a tool to support functional medical practices, and as a tool to affect sensory experiences in the delivery room. As such, the analysis serves to integrate understandings of lighting having both functional effects and experiential significance, in addition to pointing out diverse and changing sensitivities to lighting. In this regard, the paper aims to initialize further discussions about how the principle of Universal design may serve as a tool to address and support the quality and sustainability of lighting designs, by embracing human practices, experiences, and differences – leaving no one behind.
This paper reviews 49 studies that addressed how window view, daylighting, and lighting in buildings affect occupants’ behavior and well-being. The systematic literature search was performed in November 2021 and focused on office and educational buildings. We quantified the number of papers per study type, study aim, and lighting condition. Predictor categories and methods for data collection were also considered. We analyzed the results according to a structure of records, defined by the number of predictors and type of outcomes from a study. We obtained 106 records. A gap in the number of studies under different lighting conditions and building types was identified. Studies under natural light and studies conducted in learning environments were fewer than studies dealing with artificial lighting in offices. A wide variety of methods for data collection was found. Artificial lighting features and correlated color temperature were the most used predictors. Based on the analysis of records, we found that 61.3% of the associations between predictors and outcomes were statistically significant. The type of effect was not reported in 3.8% of the records-meaning that approximately 35% of the records found no significant associations between predictors and outcomes.
Science understands and handles a phenomenon from different perspectives. Light is handled as daylight, artificial light, task light, and general light, as physics, electrical technology, or safety aids. However, as part of people’s everyday lives, the different characteristics of the phenomena fluxes and blend, as people’s needs and preferences to lighting differ across a day, in different situations, and not least across a lifetime. Current societal agendas as Leave No One Behind or the sustainable development goals, stress the need for a more holistic approach in design: For the built environment to support wellbeing, comfort, and quality of life, for all. Disabilities have traditionally been defined in relation to abilities and the normal-bodied, with special aids for special needs, and special spaces for the ‘other’. Niches for the other is seen in the field of lighting as special solutions for visually impaired, and correspondingly, lighting is a niche in low-vision services, that has been guided by diagnostics and recommendations of specific lux levels. Thus, more holistic and interdisciplinary initiatives within low-vision rehabilitation that have explored the rehabilitative role of lighting as support of the visually impaired individual in their everyday life, show that individualizing and optimizing the individual’s domestic lighting can improve their quality of life. Can the findings from low-vision rehabilitation be translated into the field of lighting design, informing a qualitative approach, and work as an incubator for more diverse user perspectives? The interactions of the low-vision consultants, visually impaired participants, and their domestic lighting, have been studied in a case study of the role of lighting in low-vision rehabilitation. Participatory observations of 15 consultations and interviews with 17 visually impaired participants form the basis for an analysis of the dynamic human environment interaction at stake, using the theoretical frameworks of affordance and usability. The analysis contributes to a more situated and dynamic understanding of light: The experience of light is context dependent, and lighting needs and preferences are diverging regardless of diagnosis but rather constituted by the dynamic interactions. Consequently, this calls for user involvement and a more diverse user perspective in design processes, which could support more useful designs. This study implies a promising potential within the intersection of research paradigms and practice: Between quality of life, lighting quality, architectural quality, and user perspectives closer to people’s complex and changing needs and preferences.
The impact of artificial light at night on ecology is an urgent and continuous consideration in lighting design. People’s needs and wishes for light in urban areas often conflict with demands for minimising ecological impact. For example, in city parks people may desire light that offers a pleasant experience of nature and the feeling of safety, while the fauna may thrive best with no light at all. How to overcome this seemingly unresolvable conflict, especially in hybrid environments like city parks? This paper presents Light Sketching for Ecology, a cooperative lighting design tool to help balance lighting demands from the human experience
side with demands for minimising ecological impact. Results from a pilot study show the potential of Light Sketching for Ecology to create a win-win situation in which park users are more positive about the park lighting while the lighting’s ecological impact is significantly lowered.
The present Panel discussion will touch upon original feature of "Lighting design for sustainable future"
The moderator of the Panel discussion will be held by Mihkel Pajuste, Coordinator of Light Symposium 2022
The panel discussion will include:
- Vladan Paunovic, Head of Lighting Design at Henning Larsen Architects
- Iben Winther Orton, Founding Partner at Lightscapes
- Jørgen Kjer, Lighting designer at COWI and Associate of IALD
- Michael F.Rohde, Founder of L-PLAN LIGHTING DESIGN GmbH and Professor of Architectural Lighting Design at Hochschule Wismar.
The Closing speech for the 2022 edition of Light Symposium, will be by Georgios Triantafyllidis, Ph.d, Associate Professor, at the Department of Architecture, Design and Media Technology, at Aalborg University Copenhagen.