Description
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is a vital, continuous, and real-time process for evaluating the physical and functional conditions of various structures, such as buildings, bridges, dams, tunnels, and infrastructures. The primary goal of SHM is to ensure the long-term safety and integrity of these structures by minimizing risks associated with unforeseen failures and extending their operational lifespan. This involves deploying specialized sensors and instruments to collect pertinent data, including stresses, deformations, vibrations, temperature, and other parameters that indicate the state of structural integrity. Especially critical for high-risk structures like bridges and skyscrapers, SHM plays a pivotal role in early problem identification, enabling more efficient scheduling of maintenance and interventions. This, in turn, leads to reduced maintenance costs, enhanced structural safety, and prolonged lifespans for constructions. This study aims to analyze the current state of development of smart sensors and their substitution for traditional methodologies in structural health monitoring through a comprehensive review of existing academic research. By emphasizing the importance of SHM in ensuring the safety and efficiency of structures, particularly in the context of bridges and viaducts, the research underscores the substantial contributions made by smart sensors as complementary enhancements to conventional monitoring methods. The findings highlight the fundamental role of SHM in early anomaly detection, structural performance evaluation, and maintenance optimization. The study stresses the ongoing necessity for research and development efforts to seamlessly integrate intelligent technologies with established monitoring methods, ultimately enhancing the accessibility and effectiveness of SHM in dynamically evolving environments.
