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Description
Indonesian has been designated as the 10th official language of UNESCO General Conference. Consequently, the language development, including word update and dictionary management, is inevitable. So far, the Indonesian Comprehensive Dictionary (KBBI) has been open to the loanwords from other languages, including foreign languages and local languages. This paper compares (i) East Asian loanwords in Oxford English Dictionary (OED) and KBBI and (ii) update management that is regularly implemented by Collins English Dictionary (CED). 867 loanwords from East Asian Languages are documented in OED, including Japanese, Chinese, and Korean. The loanwords are identified by their semantic categories. On the other side, KBBI has now documented 446 Chinese dialects loanword that are classified to Hakka, Hokkien, Hokkien Fuzhou, Hokkien Quanzhou, Hokkien Tong’an, Hokkien Xiamen, Kanton, Hokkien Zhangzhou dialect, 90 Japanese, and 12 Korean loanwords. The research found that at least 26 semantic categories and about 98 topics of East Asian loanwords have been documented in OED, meanwhile KBBI records 18 semantic categories and 38 topics of East Asian loanwords. The research provides the information of semantic categories and topic of the loanword that are identified by genus proximum. Genus proximum has been the main concern of many lexicography experts. Zgusta (1971) classified the structure of definition into two parts, which is called genus proximum and differentia specifica. He mentioned that genus proximum is the hypernym and differentia specifica is the additional semantic feature. Hartmann and James (2002) shared similar perspective by explaining that the genus proximum, in classical definition, is the first part of the word that is explained and considered to be a specific instance. Semantically, it is a superordinate word (hypernym) to which the word, that is called subordinate (hyponym), is defined. Heyvaert (2016) mentioned that to systemize the meaning description in the dictionary, the existence of semantic core, modified by some features and added by further attributive information is mandatory. From 26 semantic categories (e.g., natural science, politics, crafts and trades, etc.) and 98 different topics (e.g., needlework, jewellery, ceramics, earth science, chemistry, medicine, government organization, etc.) that are documented in OED, consumables (e.g., doenjang, makkoli, anago, daikon, moo goo gai pan, twankay, etc.) and arts (e.g., cheongsam, dong bao, hikikomoro, marumage, aegyo, hallyu, etc.) are the highest topic in terms of number that have been published so far. A similar condition applied to KBBI. Consumables (e.g., bakwan, dimsum, mirin, yakiniku, bingsu, gocujang, etc.) and culture topic (e.g., hanbok, oppa, sundoku, hanami, liangliong, comblang, etc.) are recorded as the highest among 18 semantic categories (architecture, sport and leisure, transportation, etc.) and 38 topics (building, cemetery, place, game, ship, train, etc.) from East Asian loanwords that supporting those topics to become strongest points of all classifications. It indicates that the East Asian has strong power in terms of cultural diplomacy. Taking everything into account, economics, literature, and administration topics are not found in KBBI, while OED has the lack of daily activity and expression topic in the dictionary. The focus of the research then moves to the crowdsourcing practice in Collins English Dictionary (CED). The research points out several information of the crowdsourcing management in CED, namely (i) the lemma proposal has to be verified through several processes, (ii) the dictionary has documented 206 word suggestions since the first launching, (iii) every suggestion has its own verification note that indicates the ongoing process, and (iv) the word suggestion formula is quite simple, consisting the word that will be suggested, definition, and additional information to support the word suggestion. The highlight of crowdsourcing management system of CED are the best practice that can be recommended for crowdsourcing management system of KBBI. Besides, semantic category and topic that is not found in KBBI can be the inspiration of the following word update term.
