Speaker
Description
Chitosan, a naturally derived polysaccharide, has gained significant attention in tissue engineering due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactivity. However, conventional chitosan sourced from crustacean shells poses limitations such as allergenicity and ethical concerns. In this study, we extracted and characterized mushroom-derived chitosan from Pleurotus ostreatus and developed a bioink for bone tissue regeneration. The mushroom-derived chitosan bioink was evaluated against collagen-based and shrimp shell-derived chitosan bioinks in terms of biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, osteogenic potential, and immunomodulatory properties. Subsequently, a mushroom-derived chitosan/hydroxyapatite-based bioink was formulated based on its printability and cellular activity using MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts. Since the osteon consists of concentric layers of bone tissue surrounding a central canal and blood vessels, to mimic this unique structure, hydroxyapatite/MC3T3-E1-laden bioink and endothelial cell-laden bioink were printed layer by layer to form a concentric pattern. The bone regenerability of the developed scaffold was then assessed by comparing it to a conventionally printed structure. Cellular activities such as cell proliferation and differentiation were evaluated, and in vitro immune systems were conducted to analyze the expression of inflammatory cytokines. The mushroom-derived chitosan scaffold demonstrated high cell viability (~90%), robust proliferation, and enhanced osteogenic differentiation, as confirmed by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR. Moreover, it induced a lower inflammatory response compared to conventional counterparts. These results highlight that mushroom-derived chitosan is a promising, non-animal-derived biomaterial for bone tissue engineering, offering both functional efficacy and improved biocompatibility with reduced immunogenic risk.
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