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Description
Decellularized scaffolds are becoming important tools within tissue engineering. This work compares the effectiveness of three decellularization protocols—SDS, H₂O₂, and Triton X-100 for goat urinary bladder tissue on the preservation of ECM components and the functionality of scaffolds. The cellular removal and ECM preservation were assessed through histological staining with H&E, Masson's Trichrome, Alcian Blue, and DAPI, and DNA/RNA quantification. Ultrastructure assessment was done by SEM; swelling behavior, tensile properties, and biodegradation rates evaluated the functionality of these scaffolds. Hemolysis assay, MTT assay, in ovo and in vivo assay demonstrated scaffold biocompatibility. Regeneration was confirmed with immunohistochemistry and gene expression analysis. SDS-dGUB has proved to be the most effective protocol for complete cellular removal with minimal damages to the structural component evidenced from the histological analysis, and significantly a lower DNA content of 35 ± 12 ng/mg. In vitro biocompatibility assays revealed better cell proliferation on the SDS-GUB scaffold and low hemolysis of 0.6 ± 0.01%. In vivo implantation studies showed very good scaffold integration, neovascularization, and a minimal inflammatory response. The results of this study clearly show that the SDS decellularization protocol maintains the integrity of the ECM to provide a useful tissue engineering scaffold.
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