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INTRODUCTION
The skin has restricted regeneration potential in the presence of certain illnesses. In certain
circumstances, the using of specific treatments is strongly recommended in order to improve the
wound healing process. Polysaccharide-based biomaterials exhibit a high potential for wound healing
because this category maintains wound hydration, allows gas exchange and absorbs exudate, all of
which are essential components of the healing process [1].
Xanthan, an anionic polysaccharide, is recommended for the production of biomaterials with
applications in the treatment of wound healing due to its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory
properties. Furthermore, its double helix structure exhibits pseudoplastic activity, making xanthan a
promising choice for 3D bioprinting applications. The homogeneous dispersion of halloysite (a
natural layered silicate) within a polymeric matrix enhances mechanical characteristics and also
promoting cell adhesion and re-epithelialization [2, 3].
METHODS
In this study, multiple bioink formulations based on methacrylated xanthan and various quantities of
halloysite nanotubes loaded with vitamin B3 were investigated. The resulting biomaterials were
characterized structurally, rheologically, morphologically, and mechanically.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Rheological experiments revealed that all compositions exhibit suitable features for 3D bioprinting,
including pseudoplastic behavior and advantageous viscosity recovery. Structural investigations have
shown that xanthan was successfully modified and the presence of halloysite in the polymeric matrix
was confirmed. The inclusion of halloysite caused an increase of nanomechanical characteristics and
hybrid scaffolds are characterized by a modified drug release profile.
REFERENCES
1. Han, X., Hua, W., Liu, Y., Ao, Z. & Han, D. In Situ Self-Organizing Materials for Local
Stress-Responsive Reconstruction of Skin Interstitium. Macromol. Biosci. 21, 1–8 (2021).
2. Xu, R. et al. Engineering a halloysite nanotube-enhanced hydrogel 3D skin model for
modulated inflammation and accelerated wound healing. Bioact. Mater. 45, 148–161 (2025).
3. Liu, M. et al. The improvement of hemostatic and wound healing property of chitosan by
halloysite nanotubes. RSC Adv. 4, 23540–23553 (2014).
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by a grant of the Ministry of Education and Research.
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