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Keloids are abnormal scar tissue characterized by excessive proliferation of fibroblast and overabundance of collagen. The keloids often occur on earlobes, shoulders, back of the neck and the chest. To date, the therapeutic treatment of hypertrophic scar includes corticosteroid injection, laser therapy, cryotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical scar revision. However, none of the above methods colud completely cure healing. In this study, we developed a gallic acid-loaded microneedle patch with biocompatibility and biodegradability for inhibiting fibroblast proliferation as a preventive treatment of keloid. Gallic acid, which is found in most plants, has the inhibitory effect of fibroblast growth. Microneedle is a new and painless transdermal drug delivery. The microneedle with loaded drug can puncture stratum corneum, which improves the permeability and the efficiency of drug delivery. In this study, gelatin and hyaluronic acid, which have good biocompatibility and biodegradation, are used as the main materials of microneedle. Gelatin-based microneedles were prepared by crosslinking with various crosslinking agents. The results showed that the mechanical property of microneedles increased with increasing gelatin concentration. And the puncture performance of gelatin microneedles crosslinked with glutaraldehyde and EDC/NHS (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide) was 93%. However, it was observed that the puncture ratio of gelatin-based microneedles decreased with the increase of hyaluronic acid content. The in vitro degradation assay showed that gelatin-based microneedles could degrade rapidly within 30 min. We tested the antiproliferative effect of gallic acid loaded in the microneedle patches on fibroblasts. The proliferative capacity of the fibroblasts was significantly inhibited after 6 hours. The results demonstrated that the gelatin-based microneedle patches with gallic acid as drug developed in this study have a promising application in keloid treatment via transdermal delivery.
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