Introduction: The immune system plays a vital role in inducing inflammation, tissue repairing and regeneration. Currently, there is an endeavour to investigate the role of macrophages in bone tissue regeneration. It has been elucidated that macrophages can polarise to proinflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes. However, the role of macrophage phenotypes in bone tissue regeneration...
Introduction:
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are an alternative model for recapitulating key milestones of human embryogenesis during tissue development, which is an important and highly regulated process, yet poorly understood1. Currently, creating an in vitro model that provides the appropriate microenvironmental cues in a spatiotemporal manner to enable hPSCs to differentiate into...
Introduction
Autologous bone transplantation is the gold standard for reconstruction of large bone defects in the fields of orthopedics and odontology. However, limitations such as the grafting mass needed, its availability, and donor site morbidity has led to the search for osteo-inductive biomaterials that possess similar composition and structure to the main inorganic component of bone...
Introduction
In recent years of regenerative medicine research, polymers have been utilized in an enormous number of types, variations and modifications, yet their potential is far from exhausted. One of the polymers with great variability of shapes and properties is polyurethane. It is a relatively cytocompatible polymer spinnable into nanofibers, allowing the natural extracellular matrix to...
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation and intra-articular cell infiltration. Currently, RA is still incurable, and treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms. Therefore, RA patients must be taken drugs continuously. Methotrexate (MTX) has been used for the treatment of RA since the 1980s and is the most used drug among disease-modifying...
Introduction
First place of interaction between the biological and artificial system is the surface. Surface properties can influence many cellular functions. The efficient way of surface functionalization is thin composite films prepared in situ in colloidal dispersion mode. The combination of intrinsic electrical conductivity with easy preparation and modification procedures of polyaniline...
Curcumin is a well-known natural anti-inflammatory agent derived from turmeric, and it is commonly used as an herbal food supplement. Nowadays, the use of curcumin has also reached the biomedical and tissue engineering fields. To overcome the hydrophobicity of curcumin, nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesised using a solvent evaporation, oil-in-water emulsion method. The curcumin nanoparticles...
Introduction:
The development of vaccines represents one of the most impactful milestones in the improvement of global health over the last 200 years1. After a first administration of an antigen, the delivery of a booster is usually required to potentiate the immunostimulatory properties of the antigen2. Despite the undeniable success of vaccines, delivery could be improved. The use of...
Introduction
Recently, researchers have found increasing evidence that along with other mechanical cues of the cellular microenvironment, viscosity also has an influence on stem cell fate. However, it is barely studied how cells sense the viscosity of microenvironment. In this study, we explored the effect of viscosity of culture medium on osteogenic differentiation of human bone...
Introduction
Nanofibrous materials have the potential to be used in medicine, the most mentioned areas being topical applications, e.g., skin wound healing. Promising materials are biopolymers such as hyaluronic acid (HA), which is a part of the extracellular matrix and plays an important role in the inflammatory and granulating phase of wound healing. Nevertheless, HA is highly hydrophilic...
Background: The treatment of bone defects, in maxillofacial surgery and orthopedics, represents a major public health challenge. Autologous graft remains the "gold standard" treatment, but the availability of grafts is limited. Bioactive materials, such as silicate-based bioactive glass (Bioglass®), are among the bone substitutes the most widely used as alternatives, for their osteogenic...
INTRODUCTION: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to differentiate into osteogenic lineage and promote bone regeneration. However, direct cells transplantation into damaged tissue is not efficient to cover large bone defects. This problem could be solved by biocompatible scaffold support. Therefore, bone tissue engineering constructs based on a biomaterial scaffold, MSCs and osteogenic...
Structurally patterned materials offer various options for guided cell behavior. Cell behaviour can be guided by patterning spatially discretized biochemical, topological or mechanical properties or combinations thereof. Patterned materials allow to integrate multiple characteristics in single materials, resembling an anisotropy found in endogenous tissue regeneration. Previous studies using...
[Introduction]
Breast cancer is one of the major lethal diseases. Surgery has been widely used to treat breast cancer. But surgery cannot resect all cancer cells in some cases, which may result in cancer recurrence. Recently, photothermal therapy, which is based on photothermal ablation of cancer cells, has been developed as a promising cancer therapeutic strategy. Until now, various...
Tissue engineering significantly requires fresh approaches to achieve hierarchy of the targeted tissues in 3D forms where the feature size is not limited by diffusion. We are investigating interconnected toroidal tissue sheets made of MSCs co-cultured fibroblasts or ECs and utilizing them as building blocks for the required tissue architectures. A simple 3D printed PLA mould having the...
Holoclone-, meroclone- and paraclone-like colonies were identified in in vitro cultures of normal epithelial cells. In the present study we tested whether cytokeratin 14 (ck14) and sonic hedgehog (shh) expression profiles are correlated with three buccal epithelial clone types. Buccal epithelial cells were isolated from porcine buccal tissues obtained from 9 donors. Cells were seeded into...
INTRODUCTION
The inorganic phase of bone contains various bioinorganic compounds, apart from calcium, phosphate and carbonate, such as zinc, copper, magnesium, sodium, strontium and many others. These elements have been shown to affect bone mineral features, such as crystallinity, mechanical properties, and degradation. Among these compounds, zinc is an essential element of various enzymes...
As the global elderly population increases year by year, the demand for dental implants also increases significantly, Titanium (Ti) is widely used in dental implants due to its good mechanical properties, biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. However, titanium implant surfaces are biologically inert, it won’t react with cells actively and the implant may failed. The success of dental...
