Speaker
Description
In Central Italy, as the popes consolidated authority over their territorial state and as cities drifted into (and sometimes out of) papal control, mints accordingly passed from communal and/or seigniorial authority under the authority of the popes or their representatives (and sometimes back again). Although the precise moment of transition is often clearly indicated in the relevant documentary and/or numismatic evidence, it is occasionally obscure. This paper considers the manner in which the transition is reflected in the written sources, on the coins themselves and in other evidence such as coin finds to highlight similarities and differences across mints while improving our understanding of the chronology of papal coinages outside of Rome especially in the 14th and 15th centuries.
