Conveners
S70. MIDDLE AGES 8. 12TH-13TH CENTURIES, EASTERN EUROPE
- Grzegorz Śnieżko (Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of Polish Academy of Sciences)
By 2021, traces of a high-medieval settlement were identified in the vicinity of Ternopil’. Finds included an ingot of bronze-lead alloy and a hoard of forty-one coins, spread over a small area. All the coins come from twelfth century Italy: forty from Lucca and one from Genoa. This discovery is particularly remarkable in context of coin finds from Halych Ruthenia. Recent finds revealed a...
Most researchers now agree that fur money was in circulation in 11th-13th century Rus’. This form of commodity money was in use only in the cultural and political borders of Early Rus’ and did not spread beyond its borders. The paper examines the known written accounts handed down by travellers to Rus’ in the Middle Ages and second-hand eyewitness reports about its customs, and discusses the...
The author presents an up-to-date chronological classification of silver payment ingots from Eastern Europe that circulated in 11th-15th centuries, describing eleven main types classified by morphology and weight. Based on past and most recent finds from two last decades, new types of payment ingots such as Lithuanian triangular, Volhynian worm-shape, and local varieties of Novgorod-type...
One of the most intriguing problems in East European medieval numismatics is the cessation of minting around mid-11th century, followed by a coinless period which lasted until the second half of 14th century. One form of commodity money in use at the time was the grivna. Several types of these silver standard payment ingots are distinguished depending on their shape and weight.
In Poland the...
