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With the rapid advancement of technology, the escalating levels of environmental electromagnetic radiation have emerged as a significant health concern. Research has demonstrated that exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) can potentiate the toxicity of cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal pollutant, although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, human choriocarcinoma cells (JAR) were exposed to ELF-MF (3.0 mT, 50 Hz) and Cd (2.5 µM), both individually and in combination. The results indicated that exposure to 50 Hz MF alone significantly promoted cell viability in human placental choriocarcinoma cell (JAR) not exposed to Cd, whereas it had no significant effect on cells exposed to Cd. Furthermore, proteomic analysis revealed a greater number of differentially expressed proteins induced by 50 Hz MF exposure in JAR cells with Cd co-exposure compared to those without Cd co-exposure. Specifically, co-exposure was associated with enhanced effects on protein transport, electron transfer, stress response proteins, DNA damage repair, growth factors, and DNA repair/synthesis pathways. In conclusion, co-exposure to Cd alters the impact of 50 Hz MF on the cell viability of human placental choriocarcinoma cells, potentially through mechanisms involving these cellular processes.
