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Our preliminary research has demonstrated that microwave radiation can improve cognitive function and pathological changes in APP/PS1 mice. However, the effects of microwave on gamma oscillations, and the mechanisms of microwave on cognitive function and pathology in AD mice remain unclear. In the study, patch-clamp technique was employed in brain slices from 5×FAD mice to identify microwave parameters enhancing gamma oscillations in the hippocampus. Subsequently, microwave conditions which could augment hippocampus gamma oscillations in 5×FAD mice were further explored. Then the novel object recognition and Y-maze novel arm tasks were utilized to assess the cognition in 5×FAD mice, and brain pathology in 5×FAD mice was evaluated using immunofluorescence. The experimental results showed that specific conditions (900 MHz, repetition frequency of 40 Hz) of microwave enhanced gamma oscillations in brain slices and in CA1 and prefrontal cortex of hippocampus in 5×FAD mice. The novel object recognition and Y-maze tests revealed that four weeks of continuous microwave exposure or intermittent microwave exposure (microwave for 2 weeks and stop for 2 weeks, then microwave for 2 weeks), 1h/d, significantly improved spatial and working memory in 5×FAD mice. And Aβ and p-Tau levels in brain reduced, with cognitive and pathological improvements which maintained for two months after cessation of microwave irradiation.
