Speaker
Description
Introduction: Exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF; frequencies 100 kHz to 300 GHz) is ubiquitous. Concerns about potential health effects persist. The World Health Organization identified cancer as a key concern in relation to RF-EMF exposure. This umbrella review synthesises available evidence on the relationship between far-field RF-EMF exposure and neoplastic diseases up to May 2024. Methods: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of human observational studies on RF-EMF and cancer were retrieved from MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection, EMF-Portal, and Epistemonikos databases from inception to 15 May 2024. The eligibility criteria followed the PECOS scheme and adhered to the PRISMA guidelines. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using AMSTAR 2. A qualitative synthesis was performed using standardised forms and presented with text and tables. Results: Of the eight systematic reviews synthesised, five reported limited evidence of cancer risk from RF-EMF exposure, two reported increasing risks, and one failed to draw specific conclusions. All systematic reviews exhibited substantial risk of bias. Discussion: Within eligibility period, the scopes of the systematic reviews exhibited poorly focused scopes, inconsistent reporting, and limited primary studies. Methodological shortcomings complicated the synthesis of reliable evidence. These challenges emphasise the need for robust methodologies, standardised protocols, and enhanced data quality to strengthen the reliability of future research. Conclusion: Inconsistent quality, incomplete reporting, and methodological flaws in the systematic reviews hindered reliable conclusions. High-quality systematic reviews are essential for providing a more reliable understanding of the relationship between RF-EMF and cancer.
