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Description
Biological autoluminescence (BAL) presents a novel, real-time, and non-invasive method for monitoring electroporation in yeast. This study highlights its application in optimizing pulsed electric field (PEF) treatments. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model, BAL dynamics were analyzed during PEF exposure (2–7 kV cm⁻¹), with results validated against traditional methods like impedance measurements and dye-based assays. The findings reveal a strong correlation between BAL intensity and electroporation efficiency, with a significant threshold at 6–7 kV cm⁻¹. Unlike existing methods, BAL offers advantages in sensitivity, ease of integration into continuous systems, and avoidance of toxic dyes or electrode fouling. The study underscores BAL’s potential as a real-time feedback mechanism, enabling optimization of PEF parameters in both industrial and research contexts.