Speaker
Description
The author presents an up-to-date chronological classification of silver payment ingots from Eastern Europe that circulated in 11th-15th centuries, describing eleven main types classified by morphology and weight. Based on past and most recent finds from two last decades, new types of payment ingots such as Lithuanian triangular, Volhynian worm-shape, and local varieties of Novgorod-type rouble and poltina have come to light. To look into the origin of standard silver payment ingots and specify their circulation time, the author also examined finds of stamped silver payment ingots from Eastern Europe, publishing their new varieties and classifying them as Western, Russian and Tartar. Our main goal is to introduce to western numismatists current trends and new developments in the research on medieval silver payment ingots in Eastern Europe.
